本文AJE将例举一些听起来相似但含义不同的英语词汇。不正确地使用这些词语可能会混淆或分散读者的注意力,因此,在交流研究成果时,了解以下词语之间的区别会很有帮助。
Although/though
although 和 though 这两个词都可以用作连词来表示对比,但 though 也可以用作副词。因此,以下第一个例子是正确的,而第二个例子中 although 的用法是错误的:
- Receptor expression increased in the treatment group, although this increase was not significant.
- The levels of all cytokines were unaffected. Receptor expression, although, increased. (错误示例)
In contrast/on the contrary
虽然这两组词或许可以互换,但却有不同的用法。特别是,in contrast 表示差异,on the contrary 表示矛盾或纠正。换句话说,前一个短语往往是描述性的,而后一个短语通常反映的是批评。例如,in contrast 可用于讨论不同的结果,而 on the contrary 可用于反驳假设或强调文献中的潜在错误。
- The viral load of the untreated animals increased. In contrast, the viral load of the treated group decreased.
Implicate/imply
一般来说,implicit 表示 "紧密联系",imply 表示 "暗示"。请注意,"imply "和 " infer "这两个词也经常被混淆。
- The newly discovered protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of flu infection.
Assure/ensure
Assure 指 "有把握地说明 "或 "确认"。相比之下," ensure "的定义是 "保证"。需要注意的是,"保证"(insure)一词在学术写作中并不常见,其含义与 " ensure "相同,但通常具有财务含义。
- We assured the journal that we would submit our revised manuscript by the end of the week.
Attain/obtain
attain 表示 "达到",obtain 表示 "获得"。特别是在学术写作中,attach(达到)常用于讨论已实现的目标,而 obtain(获得)则更适用于详述实际结果。
- We attained our long-time goal of crystallizing the protein.
Character/characteristic
Character通常指一系列特征,而characteristic则用于描述单个特征。
- The drug has a water-soluble character due to its many unique biochemical characteristics.
我们希望这篇文章能阐明学术写作中常用的几个同音词之间的区别。如有任何疑问,请发送电子邮件至 AskAnExpert@aje.com。