在向读者分享具体信息时," respectively "和 " namely "非常有用,但这两个词经常被误用。下面举例说明如何正确使用这两个词:
Respectively分别
该词应始终用于平行列表(即具有相同项目数的两个列表),其中第一个列表中的每个项目都与第二个列表中相同位置的项目相对应:
- " The OD600 values for bacterial growth in the 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C groups were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively.”This statement could otherwise be written as “The OD600 values for bacterial growth were 0.5 in the 20°C group, 0.6 in the 25°C group, 0.9 in the 30°C group, and 0.7 in the 37°C group.。"
- 而不是 " The OD600 values for bacterial growth were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively."这句话没有包含与所列值相对应的第二个列表,也没有定义它们之间的差异。
如果 " respectively "出现在句子中间,则前后都应使用逗号:
- The OD600 values for bacterial growth in the 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C groups were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively, at 2 hours, but all cultures reached saturation at 8 hours"。
最后,一定不要混淆 " respectively "和 " respective",后者是形容词,意思是 "各自的":
- " At the end of the meeting, the faculty returned to their respective offices"。
Namely即
这个词在列清单时很有用,可以突出某事物的主要或最重要的方面:
- " There are many cell cycle regulators, namely cyclins, CDKs, CKIs, and checkpoint proteins"也就是说,细胞周期调节因子有很多,但这四类尤为重要。
- " This study has several limitations, namely the small sample size and retrospective study design"这项研究可能还有其他局限性,但这些是主要的。
在重新定义一个术语时,也可以用 " Namely "来代替 " i.e":
- " The natural velocity provides us with a preferred time-axis at each point, namely, the time-axis for which the matter proximate to the point is at rest"。
我们希望这篇文章能帮助你在写作中正确使用这两个术语。如果您在写作过程中对这些术语或其他术语有任何疑问,请联系我们。AJE祝您好运!