我们在以往的文章中分别解释了“respectively”在两个平行列表(即具有相同数量项目的两个列表)中的常见用法,如下例所示:
- The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h, respectively.
涉及介词短语的列表
然而,当第二个列表涉及到介词短语时,“respectively”的用法可能就不那么简单了。为了清晰起见,最好将 respectively 尽可能移到第二个列表的末尾,即介词短语之前。例如:
- The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h, respectively, in a 37oC incubator.
- 不要写成:The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h in a 37oC incubator, respectively.
这里的 " in a 37oC incubator"是介词短语。
其他语法示例
请注意,有时作者可能会出于格式风格方面的考虑而改写如下内容:
- The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were respectively 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h in a 37oC incubator.
同样," respectively "尽可能接近第二个列表,以明确两个列表之间的关系。在这种情况下,当" respectively "位于第二个列表之前时,其周围不用逗号。
多个列表
另一个问题是,在一个句子中出现两个以上并列的列表时," respectively "应放在哪里?在这种情况下,为了最大限度地提高清晰度,应再次将" respectively "放在第二个列表之前。例如:
- The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were respectively 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h at 37oC and 1.5 h, 3 h, and 5 h at 40oC.
- 不要写成:The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h at 37oC and 1.5 h, 3 h, and 5 h at 40oC, respectively.
- 不要写成:The times until uptake of the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen were 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h, respectively, at 37oC and 1.5 h, 3 h, and 5 h, respectively, at 40oC.
这里,一个列表("the modified antigen, the unmodified antigen, and the control antigen")与两个列表(" 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h"和 "1.5 h, 3 h, 5 h")并列。上述第一句澄清了这一并列关系,而第二句可能会让读者不清楚哪个列表与哪个列表并列。同时,第三句话中出现了两个 " respectively ",显得累赘,可能会降低可读性。
我们希望这个提示能让你在写作时更轻松地使用 " respectively "一词。如果您有任何问题或意见,请给我们发送电子邮件。AJE 祝您一切顺利!